Effective human defense against E. histolytica: high amoebicidal activity of lymphocytes and monocytes in amoebic liver abscess patients until 3 months follow-up

Adherence of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites mediated by Gal/GalNAc lectin is a prerequisite for killing naı&;#x0308;ve T cells and monocytes but the activated T cells and monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) not only resist the attack but can kill the parasite. In the present study, we have analysed the adherence and cytotoxicity of the immunecompetent cells from patients of amoebic liver abscess at the time of their diagnosis and after 3 months to elucidate the development of cell mediated cytotoxicity, a major mechanism of resistance to amoebic infection. The results show that CD3⁺ cells from amoebic liver abscess cases, when stimulated, in vitro, bound E. histolytica trophozoites with increased intensity and their viability was also increased. The activated lymphocytes (taken at 3 months post treatment) were also able to kill amoebae. MDMs bound amoebae with greater intensity than lymphocytes, until 3 months post infection. These MDMs were effective in killing approximately 40% amoebae which was significantly less than at the time of diagnosis but was very significant as compared to the controls. The data suggest that cell mediated cytotoxic responses are maximum until 1 month post treatment and are significantly reduced thereafter.