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Transgenic apple plants overexpressing the Lc gene of maize show an altered growth habit and increased resistance to apple scab and fire blight |
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| Authors: | Henryk Flachowsky Iris Szankowski Thilo C Fischer Klaus Richter Andreas Peil Monika Höfer Claudia Dörschel Sylvia Schmoock Achim E Gau Heidrun Halbwirth Magda-Viola Hanke |
| Institution: | 1. Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326, Dresden, Germany 3. Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 4. Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany 5. Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany 6. Faculty of Chemistry and Physics, Institute for Biosciences, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany 7. Institute of Botany, Leibnitz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany 8. Institute of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria |
| Abstract: | Transgenic apple plants (Malus × domestica cv. ‘Holsteiner Cox’) overexpressing the Leaf Colour (Lc) gene from maize (Zea mays) exhibit strongly increased production of anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols (catechins, proanthocyanidins). Greenhouse plants investigated in this study exhibit altered phenotypes with regard to growth habit and resistance traits. Lc-transgenic plants show reduced size, transversal gravitropism of lateral shoots, reduced trichome development, and frequently reduced shoot diameter and abnormal leaf development with fused leaves. Such phenotypes seem to be in accordance with a direct or an indirect effect on polar-auxin-transport in the transgenic plants. Furthermore, leaves often develop necrotic lesions resembling hypersensitive response lesions. In tests, higher resistance against fire blight (caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora) and against scab (caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis) is observed. These phenotypes are discussed with respect to the underlying altered physiology of the Lc-transgenic plants. The results are expected to be considered in apple breeding strategies. |
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