生态环境需水量研究进展

主要从概念、分类以及计算方法等方面论述了生态环境需水量的国内外研究动态．目前．国外对生态环境需水量的研究主要集中在河流方面，并已形成一套比较成熟的计算方法体系；国内则主要集中于水资源缺乏的西北内陆河流域和黄河、海滦河流域的陆地和河流方面的研究．总的来说，国内外对生态环境需水量的研究已经取得了一定的成果，但仍然存在着许多尚待进一步研究的问题：(1)强化生态环境需水量的基础理论(概念、分类和计算方法等)研究；(2)加强对生态环境需水量的内在与外在影响因素及保障生态环境需水量的途径与措施等方面的研究；(3)拓展生态需水量的应用性研究等。

Research advance in ecological and environmental water requirement

This paper discussed the advance in ecological and environmental water requirement (EEWR) study,including its conception,classification,calculation methods,and others.At abroad,the EEWR study is concentrated on rivers,and a more applicable methodology has been established; while in China,it is focused on land and river in the interior river basins of the northwestern areas,the Yellow River Basin,the Haihe river basin and the Luanhe river basin,where the water shortage problem is serious.Many achievements of great significance in the EEWR study at home and abroad have been achieved,but there are still many other ambiguous and unknown issues to be further studied in the future,summarized as:(1)the studies on the EEWR theory (including its conception,classification,calculation methods,etc.) should be strengthened;(2)it is necessary to reinforce some aspects of the EEWR study,such as the internal and external affecting factors of EEWR,the engineering approaches or measures to meet EEWR,etc.;(3)it is urgent to expand the applied research of EEWR and to realize the optimized allocation of water resources.