模拟不同雨量下沟垄集雨种植对春玉米生产力的影响

为了探明沟垄集雨种植适宜的降雨量范围,使沟垄集雨系统更加有效,通过大田模拟降雨试验,研究了不同雨量下沟垄集雨种植对农田水温状况及春玉米个体发育、生物量积累、水分利用效率(WUE)和产量的影响.结果表明,在230～440mm雨量下,与平作处理相比,沟垄集雨种植处理后,沟内土壤10cm处温度增加了0.7～1℃,沟内120cm土壤平均储水量增加了5%～12%,玉米的出苗期提前1～2d,生育期普遍提前,株高、功能叶面积和生物量显著增加 (P＜0.05) .玉米籽粒产量及WUE在230mm雨量下分别增加了82.8%和77.4%,340mm雨量下分别增加了43.4%和43.1%,440mm雨量下分别增加了11.2%和9.5%.沟垄集雨种植春玉米适宜的雨量上限可能在全生育期降雨量440mm以下.

Effects of rainwater-harvested furrow/ridge system on spring corn productivity under different simulated rainfalls

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a rainwater-harvesting furrow/ridge system (RHFRS) on water use efficiency (WUE) and grain yield of spring com in different simulated rainfall treatments. Our results showed that when rainfall supply ranged between 230 and 440 mm, the rainwater-harvesting furrow/ridge system increased surface temperature by 0.7–1°C at the depth of 10 cm and increased soil water storage by 5%–12% in the soil layer of 0–120 cm compared with the control. Emergence was also more rapid in the furrow-ridge system. Spring corn yield in the rainwater-harvesting furrow/ridge system was 83% higher in the 230 mm rainfall treatment, 43% higher in the 340 mm rainfall treatment, and 11% higher in the 440 mm rainfall treatment compared with the control. Similarly, WUE was 77% higher in the 230 mm rainfall treatment, 43% higher in the 340 mm treatment, and 10% higher in the 440 mm treatment than those of the control under the corresponding rainfalls. In summary, results from this study indicate that 440 mm rainfall during the spring corn growing season is the upper limit for which the rainwater-harvesting furrow/ridge system should be adopted.