Synthesis,docking simulation,biological evaluations and 3D-QSAR study of 5-Aryl-6-(4-methylsulfonyl)-3-(metylthio)-1,2,4-triazine as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors

A series of 5-Aryl-6-(4-methylsulfonyl)-3-(metylthio)-1,2,4-triazine derivatives were synthesized and their COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory activity as well as in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were evaluated. All of compounds showed strong inhibition of COX-2 with IC₅₀ values in the range of 0.1–0.2 μM and in most cases had stronger anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects than indomethacin at doses 3 and 6 mg/kg. Among them, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine (9c) was the most potent and selective COX-2 compound; its selectivity index of 395 was comparable to celecoxib (SI = 405). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 9c showed its higher potency than indomethacin and hence could be considered as a promising lead candidate for further drug development. Furthermore, the affinity data of these compounds were rationalized through enzyme docking simulation and 3D-QSAR study by k-Nearest Neighbour Molecular Field Analysis.