Inhibitory effects of ginseng sapogenins on the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung 210-711, Republic of Korea;2. College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea;4. Natural Product Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Sungnam Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea;6. Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;2. Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;2. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children''s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;3. Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;1. Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea;2. Department of Transplantation Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea;3. Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;4. Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea;5. Department of Surgery, Chonbuk University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea;6. Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea;7. Department of Surgery, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea;8. Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;9. Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;1. Asan Laboratory of Perinatal Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. University of Patras, Department of Chemical Engineering, University Campus, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;2. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;3. PSA (Plataforma Solar de Almería), CIEMAT, Crta Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Because of poor prognosis, clinical treatment of triple-negative (TN) breast cancer remains the most challenging factor in cancer treatment. Extensive research into alternative cancer therapies includes studying the naturopathic effects of the medicinal herb ginseng. This study investigates the anti-neoplastic properties of ginseng sapogenins and the derivatives: (1) (20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), (2) 20(S)-protopanaxatriol), (3) (20(S)-dihydroprotopanaxadiol, and (4) 20(S)-dihydroprotopanaxatriol). These compounds were found to prevent the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. PPD was the most potent inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 (5.87 μM) comparable to that of the chemotherapeutic drug taxol. Furthermore, PPD induced dose-dependent cleavage of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP in MDA-MB-231 cells. Thus, we propose that PPD acts as anti-cancer agent by stimulating caspase-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer cells. |
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| Keywords: | Triple-negative breast cancers Sapogenin Apoptosis Caspase |
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