Octopamine boosts snail locomotion: behavioural and cellular analysis |
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Authors: | Jennifer?C?Ormshaw Email author" target="_blank">Christopher?J?H?ElliottEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, University of York, P.O. Box 373, York , YO10 5YW, UK |
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Abstract: | We measured the reduction in locomotion of unrestrained pond snails, Lymnaea stagnalis, subsequent to transdermal application of two selective octopamine antagonists, epinastine and phentolamine. After 3 h in fresh standard snail water following treatment with 4 mM epinastine or 3.5 mM phentolamine, the snails’ speed was reduced to 25 and 56% of the controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). The snails’ speed decreased as the drug concentration increased. In the isolated CNS, 0.5 mM octopamine increased the firing rate of the pedal A cluster motoneurons, which innervate the cilia of the foot. In normal saline the increase was 26% and in a high magnesium/low calcium saline 22% (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). We conclude that octopamine is likely to modulate snail locomotion, partially through effects on pedal motoneurons. |
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Keywords: | Lymnaea Epinastine Phentolamine Pedal ganglion Movement |
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