Arabidopsis Stromal-derived Factor2 (SDF2) Is a Crucial Target of the Unfolded Protein Response in the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Authors: | Andrea Schott Stéphanie Ravaud Sabrina Keller Jens Radzimanowski Corrado Viotti Stefan Hillmer Irmgard Sinning Sabine Strahl |
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Affiliation: | From the ‡Department of Cell Chemistry, Institute for Plant Sciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360.;the §Heidelberg Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, and ;the ¶Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Plant Sciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Stresses increasing the load of unfolded proteins that enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trigger a protective response termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Stromal cell-derived factor2 (SDF2)-type proteins are highly conserved throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. In this study we have characterized AtSDF2 as crucial component of the UPR in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a combination of biochemical and cell biological methods, we demonstrate that SDF2 is induced in response to ER stress conditions causing the accumulation of unfolded proteins. Transgenic reporter plants confirmed induction of SDF2 during ER stress. Under normal growth conditions SDF2 is highly expressed in fast growing, differentiating cells and meristematic tissues. The increased production of SDF2 due to ER stress and in tissues that require enhanced protein biosynthesis and secretion, and its association with the ER membrane qualifies SDF2 as a downstream target of the UPR. Determination of the SDF2 three-dimensional crystal structure at 1.95 Å resolution revealed the typical β-trefoil fold with potential carbohydrate binding sites. Hence, SDF2 might be involved in the quality control of glycoproteins. Arabidopsis sdf2 mutants display strong defects and morphological phenotypes during seedling development specifically under ER stress conditions, thus establishing that SDF2-type proteins play a key role in the UPR. |
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Keywords: | Arabidopsis Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Plant Protein Structure X-ray Crystallography ER-Quality Control MIR Motif SDF2 SDF2-like Unfolded Protein Response |
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