Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R) and acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) are co-expressed in immature bovine trophoblast giant cells throughout gestation, but not at parturition

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) was associated with successful implantation in the cow, trophoblast invasiveness and angiogenesis. Bovine placentation is characterized by the limited invasion of trophoblast giant cells (TGC) into the maternal caruncular epithelium. TGC exhibit both endocrine activity and properties of tumor cells and may thus be targets of and mediators for the action of PAF. We examined PAF-receptor (PAF-R) and PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) gene expression and localized mRNA and corresponding proteins in bovine placentomes throughout gestation and at parturition. PAF-R and PAF-AH protein and mRNA were highly expressed and colocalized in immature TGC from early gestation until near term, while mature TGC were negative. After the onset of parturition both PAF-R and PAF-AH were expressed in the maternal stroma, predominantly endothelial cells. The expression of PAF-R and PAF-AH in immature but not mature TGC during gestation implicates a role for PAF in the differentiation, maturation and function of bovine placentomal TGC. Placentomal angiogenesis could be mediated by binding of PAF to PAF-R present in endothelial cells. The parturition-related "switch" of PAF-R and PAF-AH from TGC to the maternal stroma suggests that PAF may participate in the regulation of parturition and in prepartum tissue programming.