甘肃省徐家城旧石器遗址发掘简报

徐家城遗址主要埋藏于水洛河右岸第二级阶地上覆的马兰黄土中,出土石制品5500余件、动物化石近600件,并筛选出大量碎屑(石/骨)等。遗址共有分4个文化层,包括第5,第4C,第4B和第4A文化层; 各文化层石制品类型与技术相近, 反映了中国北方石片石器技术传统的特征。石制品以中、小型为主,包括搬入石材(7.1%)、石核(2.6%)、石片(24.6%)、断块(12.6%)、碎块/片(49.4%)、石器(3.2%)和无法分类者(0.4%); 石器类型以边刮器、尖状器为主, 石锥、砍砸器为重要类型,凹缺器、端刮器、锯齿刃器等较少且不典型。石器毛坯选择以片状为主, 绝大多数为单面加工,加工程度较低。主要文化层第4B、第4C层为原地埋藏,据地貌、地层分析和AMS-14C年龄测定,推断其年龄在约36ka-43ka BP(未校正)之间。

A Preliminary Report on the 2009 Excavation of the Xujiacheng Paleolithic Site in Gansu Province,North China

The Xujiacheng Paleolithic site is located in Xujiacheng village,Wanquan Town,Zhuanglang County,Gansu Province.This site was buried in the Malan Loess overlying the second terrace of the Shuiluo River.It was discovered in June 29,2009,and excavated from July 10 to August 25 by staff of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and the Gansu Provincial Institute of Archaeology who together exposed an excavated area of about 15m2.Nine stratigraphic layers were identified at this site,with total thickness of more than 6.5m.Archaeological materials were mainly unearthed from the 4th and 5th layers.According to the distribution of stone artifacts and fossils in the profile,four cultural layers were identified and more than 5500 stone artifacts and 550 fossils were unearthed.The stone assemblage included manuports(N=385),cores(N=140),flakes(N=1341),chunks(N=688),debris(N=2689) and retouched tools(N=176).The stone artifacts from four different cultural layers showed roughly similar features.The general characteristics of these artifacts are summarized as follows: 1) Lithic materials exploited at the site were locally available from the ancient riverbed with more than eight kinds of raw materials utilized in core reduction and tool manufacture.They are granite,quartz,conglomerate,diorite,marble,quartzite,gabbro and amphibolite.Quartz and granite were the dominant raw materials used for producing stone artifacts at this site.2) The principal flaking technique was direct hammer percussion without core preparation,and occasional use of bipolar technique.3) Most stone artifacts were small and medium in size.4) Only five types of retouched tools were identified,namely side scrapers,points,drills,choppers,and notches.Denticulates,endscraper,drill scrapers,notched scrapers may have existed.5) Major blanks for tools were flakes,then chunks,and rarely pebble blanks.The stone tool assemblage of this site shows close ties with the Flake Tool Industry(Main Industry) of North China.Based on stratigraphic observations and AMS14C dating,the main cultural layers of this site are suggested to be 36ka-43ka BP(uncal).