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Polymorphism and epitope sharing between the alleles of merozoite surface protein-1 of Plasmodium falciparum among Indian isolates |
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| Authors: | Anitha Mamillapalli Sujatha Sunil Suraksha S Diwan Surya K Sharma Prajesh K Tyagi Tridibes Adak Hema Joshi Pawan Malhotra |
| Affiliation: | 1. Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market, WC1E 6JB, London, UK 2. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, London, UK 3. Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic 4. Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, H?pital Avicenne, Bobigny, France 5. Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden 6. Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland 7. Berlin Centre for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Berlin, Germany 8. Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Paris, France 9. Medical Informatics and Technology, Institute for Public Health, University for Health Sciences, Eduard Walln?fer-Zentrum I, A-6060, Hall i.T, Austria 10. Department of Infectious Diseases, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 11. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland 12. Department of Infectious Disease, Section Travel Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | A comparison was made between local malaria transmission and malaria imported by travellers to identify the utility of national and regional annual parasite index (API) in predicting malaria risk and its value in generating recommendations on malaria prophylaxis for travellers. Regional malaria transmission data was correlated with malaria acquired in Latin America and imported into the USA and nine European countries. Between 2000 and 2004, most countries reported declining malaria transmission. Highest API's in 2003/4 were in Surinam (287.4) Guyana (209.2) and French Guiana (147.4). The major source of travel associated malaria was Honduras, French Guiana, Guatemala, Mexico and Ecuador. During 2004 there were 6.3 million visits from the ten study countries and in 2005, 209 cases of malaria of which 22 (11%) were Plasmodium falciparum. The risk of adverse events are high and the benefit of avoided benign vivax malaria is very low under current policy, which may be causing more harm than benefit. |
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