6个品种樱花在北京地区的适应性研究

为丰富北京地区樱花种植品种，选择大渔樱(Cerasus×kanzakura ‘Tairyo-zakura’)、修善寺寒樱(Cerasus×kanzakura ‘Rubescens’)、阳春(C. spachiana ‘Yoshun’)、天之川(C. serrulata ‘Erecta’)、兰兰(C. serrulata ‘Ranran’)、红华(C. serrulata ‘Kouka’)等6个品种樱花进行实验性种植。在田间观测的基础上，测定低温胁迫下根系脱氢酶活性、枝条脯氨酸含量，高温胁迫下叶片的电导率、可溶性蛋白含量。结果表明，6个品种中，随着温度下降，6个品种樱花根系脱氢酶还原量、枝条脯氨酸含量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。大渔樱、修善寺寒樱、兰兰在-10 ℃时脱氢酶活性与脯氨酸含量达到最大值，阳春、天之川、红华在-15 ℃脱氢酶活性与脯氨酸含量达到最大值。6个品种的叶片相对电导率，均随着温度的上升不断升高。而叶片可溶性蛋白含量变化趋势，品种间差异较大。阳春、天之川、红华在北京地区适应性良好，大渔樱、修善寺寒樱、兰兰可在小环境较好的区域栽植。

Adaptability of Six Cultivars of Cerasus in Beijing

In order to enrich the cultivars of Cerasus in Beijing, 6 cultivars were selected for experimental planting, including Cerasus×kanzakura ‘Tairyo-zakura’, Cerasus×kanzakura ‘Rubescens’, C. spachiana ‘Yoshun’, C. serrulata ‘Erecta’, C. serrulata ‘Ranran’ and C. serrulata ‘Kouka’. On the basis of field observation, the content of dehydrogenase in roots, the content of free proline in branches under low temperature stress, and the electric conductivity, the soluble protein content of leaves under high temperature stress were measured. With the decrease of temperature, the activity of dehydrogenase in roots and the content of free proline in branches of 6 Cerasus cultivars first increased and then decreased. The activity of dehydrogenase and the content of free proline of ‘Tairyo-zakura’, ‘Rubescens’, ‘Ranran’ reached the maximum at -10 ℃, ‘Yoshun’, ‘Erecta’, ‘Kouka’ reached the maximum at -15 ℃. With the increase of temperature, the electric conductivity of leaves of 6 cultivars increased. The soluble protein content of leaves varied greatly among cultivars. After a comperhensive comparison of the adaptability of 6 Cerasus cultivars, ‘Yoshun’, ‘Erecta’ and ‘Kouka’ had higher adaptability in Beijing. ‘Tairyo-zakura’, ‘Rubescens’ and ‘Ranran’ could be planted in small areas with better environment. The results can provide the reference for planting of these trees in Beijing.