Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent, structurally novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta-selective agonists |
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Authors: | Kasuga Jun-Ichi Nakagome Izumi Aoyama Atsushi Sako Kumiko Ishizawa Michiyasu Ogura Michitaka Makishima Makoto Hirono Shuichi Hashimoto Yuichi Miyachi Hiroyuki |
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Institution: | Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan. |
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Abstract: | A series of 3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives was prepared as candidate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta-selective agonists, based on our previously discovered potent human PPARalpha/delta dual agonist TIPP-401 as a lead compound. Structure-activity relationship studies clearly indicated the importance of the chain length of the alkoxy group at the 4-position, and the n-butoxy compound exhibited the most potent PPARdelta transactivation activity and highest PPARdelta selectivity. The (S)-enantiomer of a representative compound exhibited extremely potent PPARdelta transactivation activity, comparable with or somewhat superior to that of the known PPARdelta-selective agonist, GW-501516. The representative compound regulated the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis, and should be useful not only as a chemical tool to study PPARdelta function, but also as a candidate drug for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. |
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