50年来山东塔山植被与物种多样性的变化

为分析塔山植被与物种多样性50a自然演替和动态变化,2009-2010年,采用系统勘踏法和典型取样法进行了调查。当前塔山主要植被类型为"黑松林-赤松林-栓皮栎林"。50a间,该区针叶林从黑松(Pinus thunbergii)林演替为黑松林、赤松(P. densiflora)林和油松林(P. tabulaeformis)为主的混合针叶林,但针叶林的整体优势度下降,以栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)和麻栎(Q. acutissima)为建群种的阔叶林面积明显增大,由针叶林向阔叶林的演替趋势明朗。物种丰富度为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,Shannon-wiener指数和Simpson指数为灌木层>草本层>乔木层,物种多样性较低,处于森林演替初期。

Vegetation and species diversity change analysis in 50 years in Tashan Mountain, Shandong Province, China

In order to analyze the change of vegetation and species diversity in Mt. Tashan from 1959 to 2009, we conducted a field botanical investigation using system method and typical sampling method between 2009 and 2010. At the present, the main vegetation type in Mt. Tashan is Pinus thunbergii forest-P. tabulaeformis forest-Pinus thunbergii forest. The regional vegetation became mixed coniferous forest(Pinus thunbergii forest, P. densiflora forest and P. tabulaeformis forest)-deciduous broadleaved forest(Quercus variabilis forest and Q. acutissima forest), which replaced single coniferous forest(Pinus thunbergii forest), and many coniferous forest into broadleaved forest within 50 years. It's obvious that coniferous forest was successive to broadleaved forest. It's showed the species richness in Mt. Tashan is the herb layer > the shrub layer> the arbor layer. The global regularity of Shannon-wiener index and Simpson index were the shrub layer > herb layer > arbor layer. Both the species richness and the diversity index are lower, and so it was still in the early forest successive phase.