海洋生态资本理论框架下海洋生物资源的存量评估

海洋生态资本是能够直接或间接作用于人类社会经济生产、提供有用的产品流或服务流的海洋生态资源。海洋生态资源包括海洋生物资源及其生境资源。海洋生态资源的存量价值由海洋生物资源存量价值和海洋生境资源存量价值构成。针对我国海洋生物资源的特征,在海洋生态资本理论框架下,提出了鱼类、贝类、甲壳类、头足类、大型海藻等主要海洋生物资源的存量价值评估技术方法,包括物质量评估和价值量评估。探讨了海洋生物资源单位价格确定、评估价值修正、评估方法的适用性、成本扣除等问题。

Marine ecological capital: valuation of standing stock of marine living resources

Marine ecological capital is defined as marine ecological resources which have direct or indirect contribution to social and economic production and provide benefits for human. Marine ecological resources include marine living resources and their habitat resources. The existing value of marine ecological resources includes two elements: the standing stock value of marine living resources and their habitat resources. Applying the theoretical frameworks of marine ecological capital and considering the characteristics of marine living resources in China waters, the assessment methods for standing stock of marine living resources were developed. The methods were developed to assess to four kinds of living resources, including fish, shellfish, crustaceans, cephalopods, macro-algae, respectively, in both mass and monetary terms. Here we only considered these populations living in natural waters rather than in any manmade pools, net cages, or on any ropes and sticks. These populations may be reproduced naturally or released by stock enhancement efforts. The market-price method was recommended to valuate the standing stock value of marine living resources. As for these species, such as microbe, phytoplankton, zooplankton, seabirds and micro-benthos, their standing stock are not be considered to valuate because they is not commercially and massively utilized by human due to some technical or cost reasons. For those marine protected species, their standing stock should not be valuated also because of some legal limitations or ethic consideration. Furthermore, this article developed the procedures to adjust the unit price and total value of marine living resources for comparison among different year's values. When assessing multi-year living resources, if the unit price for certain years was missing, it could be replaced by the adjacent years' unit price that was adjusted by Consumer Price Index or Producer Price Index. When comparing standing stock of value of marine living resource among different years, we may select one particular year as baseline year. The value of other years should be adjusted by Consumer Price Index or Producer Price Index in order to be comparable. For those marine living organisms directly consumed as seafood, their unit price and value should be adjusted by Consumer Price Index. For those marine living organisms are utilized as raw material for factory to produce chemicals, medicine, artwork, cosmetics, health food and so on, their unit price and value should be adjusted by Producer Price Index. Finally, this article discussed the detailed implications for the four assessment methods. These implication include how to define the unit price of marine living resources, how to adjust unit price and total value, and how to apply cost deduction.