瘿椒树超长生殖周期中的越冬策略

瘿椒树（Tapiscia sinensis Oliv．）为我国特有的珍稀保护植物，5月开花受精以后，以裸露的子房（未发育的幼果）渡过漫长的冬季，次年9月果实成熟，其有性生殖过程持续17个月之久，并发展出一套独特的越冬策略；子房壁和花托表面形成类似周皮的次生保护组织，花托膨大并向下延伸包围果柄，与裸露的子房形成了一个“越冬复合体”。子房壁和膨大花托的基本组织中积累大量淀粉粒，有些细胞形成粘液腔，或发育成含簇晶或单宁的异细胞。瘿椒树特殊的越冬策略体现了它在长期的演化过程中对环境的适应。

Passing Winter Strategies of Tapiscia sinensis during Its Extreme Long Reproductive Cycle

Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. is an endemic and rare tree in China, and protected by Chinese government. After the blossom and fertilization in May, T. sinensis Oliv. passes the long winter with its naked ovary （undeveloped young fruit） and develops a set of unique strategies to survive the winter. It took 17 months from its floral primordium initiation to fruit maturity. Secondary protective tissues that are similar to perideum are formed on ovary wall and the surface of receptacle which expands down to surround the fruit stalk. The inflated receptacle and the naked ovary form a ＂passing winter complex＂. Abundant starch grains are accumulated in the parenchyma of ovary wall and inflated receptacle. Some cells form mucilaginous locules or develop into idioblasts containing druse crystals or tannin. The special passing winter strategies of T. sinensis Oliv. demonstrate its adaptation to environment during the long evolution history.