Comparative susceptibility of a canine cell line and bluetongue virus susceptible cell lines to a bluetongue virus isolate pathogenic for dogs

Summary Recently, bluetongue virus (BLU) serotype 11 was detected in diseased dogs that had been inoculated with live attenuated vaccine contaminated with this serotype of bluetongue virus (Akita et al., 1994). For various laboratory tests, BLU can be propagated in different cell cultures. No information was found in the literature about the possibility of propagating this virus in canine cells. To determine whether the BLU isolate from the contaminated canine vaccine (BLU-vac) is unique in its ability to replicate in canine cells, this virus was studied in parallel with U.S. prototype strains of BLU (serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17), in hamster lung (HmLu-1) and canine kidney (MDCK) cell cultures. In HmLu-1 cell cultures, the BLU-vac produced cytopathic effect (CPE) of the same type as the U.S. prototype BLU strains by 4 to 6 d postinoculation. In MDCK cell cultures, all of the BLU strains tested were able to replicate but did not produce CPE. The BLU-inoculated MDCK cells became persistently infected, and these cultures continued to produce infectious BLU even after six serial passages over 2 1/2 mo. In none of these cultures was CPE observed. In mixed cultures containing both HmLu-1 and MDCK cells, CPE first affected the HmLu-1 islands; subsequently, CPE spread also to the areas with MDCK cells. The silent persistent infection of the MDCK cells with BLU indicates that more stringent screening of the cells used in the production of live vaccines for various contaminating viruses is necessary.