Human bone marrow hosts polyfunctional memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with close contact to IL-15-producing cells |
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Authors: | Herndler-Brandstetter Dietmar Landgraf Katja Jenewein Brigitte Tzankov Alexandar Brunauer Regina Brunner Stefan Parson Walther Kloss Frank Gassner Robert Lepperdinger Günter Grubeck-Loebenstein Beatrix |
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Institution: | Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. |
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Abstract: | Recently, a key role in memory T cell homing and survival has been attributed to the bone marrow (BM) in mice. In the human BM, the repertoire, function, and survival niches of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector memory T cells accumulate in the human BM and are in a heightened activation state as revealed by CD69 expression. BM-resident memory T cells produce more IFN-γ and are frequently polyfunctional. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are in the immediate vicinity of IL-15-producing BM cells, suggesting a close interaction between these two cell types and a regulatory role of IL-15 on T cells. Accordingly, IL-15 induced an identical pattern of CD69 expression in peripheral blood CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets. Moreover, the IL-15-inducible molecules Bcl-x(L), MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and CCR5 were upregulated in the human BM. In summary, our results indicate that the human BM microenvironment, in particular IL-15-producing cells, is important for the maintenance of a polyfunctional memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell pool. |
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