数字PCR在新型冠状病毒检测中的应用前景

2020年,由新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）导致的新型冠状肺炎（COVID-19）疫情在世界各国大规模爆发，导致全球公共卫生安全受到巨大影响。目前广泛采用的荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）在检测SARS-CoV-2方面存在可能出现“假阴性”结果、需多次取样、重复检测等缺点，亟需建立一种灵敏度更高、样本用量少、操作简单的检测技术，以快速、准确、高效的筛选出新型冠状肺炎患者。数字PCR为新兴痕量核酸分子技术，具有灵敏度高、耐受性强、可绝对定量等优点，在病毒检测领域中广泛应用。介绍了SARS-CoV-2病原学特征和荧光PCR检测SARS-CoV-2目前存在的主要问题，并对数字PCR在SARS-CoV-2检测中的应用前景进行了具体阐述，以期为后续开发更高效的检测试剂盒、提高检测准确性提供方案。

Application Prospects of Digital PCR in Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In 2020, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in many countries around the world, which poses a great challenge to the prevention and control of the epidemic. Nucleic acid detection by real-time fluorescent PCR(RT-PCR) is the main detection method used at this stage, but the situation of “false negative results”, multiple sampling and repeated detection is also frequent. There is an urgent need to establish a detection technology with higher sensitivity, less sample need and simple operation to screen out patients infected SARS-CoV-2. Digital PCR has shown promise as a precision nucleic acid quantification technology because of its high sensitivity and specificity, which has been widely used in the field of virus detection. In this paper, the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the problems of detecting methods by RT-PCR were introduced. And the application prospects of digital PCR in the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 were described, which was expected to provide references for the development of more efficient detection kits.