用RAPD检测华山新麦草自然居群的遗传结构和居群分化

华山新麦草特产于我国陕西华山,为国家一级重点保护植物。应用RAPD技术,用2 0条随机引物对黄埔峪、仙峪、华山峪3个居群不同海拔的13个亚居群共2 6 6个华山新麦草取样个体进行扩增,共得12 2个扩增片段。平均每个引物得到的扩增片段数为6 .1(2～10 )。实验数据的统计分析表明:黄埔峪居群的多态性位点比率为6 0 .6 6 % ,仙峪居群的多态性位点比率为90 .98% ,华山峪居群的多态性位点比率为95 .0 8% ,总的多态性位点比率为95 .0 8% ,说明华山新麦草具有较高的遗传变异性。Shannon多样性指数(0 .330 6 )和基因分化系数(GST=0 .32 6 3)揭示了华山新麦草居群遗传变异多存在于亚居群内。华山新麦草亚居群间的基因流N m=1.0 32 2 ,低于一般风媒传粉植物(N m=5 .2 4 )的基因流水平。亚居群间平均的遗传距离为0 .15 71(变化范围:0 .0 0 2 2～0 .2 90 1) ,最大的遗传距离值出现在黄埔峪亚居群(hp1)和华山峪高海拔亚居群(h8)之间,仙峪亚居群与华山峪高海拔亚居群之间以及华山峪高海拔亚居群与低海拔亚居群之间的遗传距离值也较大。遗传距离与海拔垂直距离之间的相关性分析表明二者有显著的相关性(p<0 .0 1)。聚类分析和主成分分析也显示华山新麦草自然居群已发生明显分化,主要表现为黄埔峪居群、仙峪居群与华山峪居群

Genetic structure and differentiation of Psathyrostachys huashanica populations detected with RAPD markers

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng is a perennial grass and belongs to genus Psathyrostachys in Triticeae. Psathyrostachys distributes in center of middle Asia and Caucasus Mt., while P. huashanica, a species endemic to China, is only located in Mountain Hua in Shaanxi Province. At present, the populations of this species are decreasing, and reaching the edge of extinction. Due to the distributing limitation and importance as breeding material for germplasm storage, it has been considered as the first class o...