贵州省宽阔水国家级自然保护区亮叶水青冈群落结构及多样性

以贵州省宽阔水国家级自然保护区亮叶水青冈（Fagus lucida）群落为研究对象，基于野外实地调查，应用数量生态学的方法，对保护区内亮叶水青冈群落特征及物种多样性进行了研究，对保护区内植物群落动态变化监测以及对亮叶水青冈群落的保护和管理都具有一定的理论指导意义。结果表明：设置样地共11700m²，调查样地内维管束植物62科，111属，165种，其中蕨类植物4科，6属，6种，种子植物58科，105属，159种。其中以单种科和寡种科（2-5种）占优势，两者的比例之和超过总科数的85％，蔷薇科共有植物6属15种，为所有科中最多，其他属数较多的科有樟科和壳斗科。属的结构中以单种属占据绝对优势，达到70.27％，山矾属和悬钩子属种数最多，各有6种。亮叶水青冈在群落中虽占优势，但龄级结构出现双峰值的异常趋势，种群呈衰退趋势。从总体趋势上来看，群落物种多样性指数均为乔木层 > 灌木层 > 草本层；物种丰富度指数灌木层 > 乔木层 > 草本层；均匀度指数乔木层 > 草本层 > 灌木层。亮叶水青冈幼苗和幼树除在局部区域较集中分布外，其余大部分区域数量均少，且受林下金佛山方竹（Chimonobambusa utilis）干扰较强，大径级植株比重大，年龄结构总体呈衰退型，在未来种群稳定性维持较为困难。应加强对保护区亮叶水青冈的保护，建议合理抚育管理亮叶水青冈幼苗，在森林的经营和管理上，对亮叶水青冈林可在其生长到一定阶段时适度进行人为干扰，会更有利于亮叶水青冈林的更新和生长发育。

Community structure and diversity of Fagus lucida in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province, China

Taking Fagus lucida community in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province as the research object, based on field investigation and applying the method of quantitative ecology, the community characteristics and species diversity of Fagus lucida in the reserve are studied using quantitative ecology, this will inevitably provide a theoretical guidance for the monitoring of plant community dynamics and the conservation and management of Fagus lucida community in the reserve. The results show that there are 62 families, 111 genera and 165 species of vascular plants in the plot with an area of 11700m², including 4 families, 6 genera and 6 species of pteridophytes and 58 families, 105 genera and 159 species of seed plants. Among them, monospecies and oligofamilies (2-5 species) are dominant, and their sum exceeds 85% of the total families. In addition, there are 6 genera and 15 species of plants in Rosaceae, occupying the highest proportion of all families, followed by Lauraceae and Fagaceae. In terms of the structure of the genus, the single genus is absolutely dominant, reaching 70.27%, with the largest number of species of alum and raspberry, each with 6 species. Although Fagus lucida was dominant in the community, the age class structure shows an abnormal trend of double peaks, and the population shows a declining trend. From the overall trend, the community species diversity index is tree layer > shrub layer > herb layer; species richness index is shrub layer > tree layer > herb layer; evenness index tree layer > herb layer > shrub layer. Except that the seedlings and young trees of Fagus lucida are concentrated in some areas, the number of seedlings and young trees in most areas are small. This, coupled with the strong disturbance of Chimonobambusa utilis under the forest, leads to a large proportion of large-diameter plants and a declining age structure, so it is difficult to maintain population stability in the future. This implies that we should strengthen the protection of Fagus lucida. Therefore, it is suggested that the seedlings of Fagus lucida should be nurtured and managed reasonably. In the management and management of the forest, the forest of Fagus lucida can be moderately disturbed when it grows to a certain stage, which will be more beneficial to the regeneration, growth and development of Fagus lucida forest.