Assessing antigen specific HLA-DR+ antibody secreting cell (DR+ASC) responses in whole blood in enteric infections using an ELISPOT technique |
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Authors: | Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan Mohammad Rubel Hoq Naoshin Sharmin Nishat Deena Al Mahbuba Rasheduzzaman Rashu Kamrul Islam Lazina Hossain Jason B Harris Edward T Ryan Stephen B Calderwood Ann-Mari Svennerholm Firdausi Qadri |
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Institution: | 1. Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden;4. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA |
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Abstract: | Antibody secreting cells (ASCs) generate antibodies in an antigen-specific manner as part of the adaptive immune response to infections, and these cells increase their surface expression of HLA-DR. We have studied this parameter (HLA-DR+ ASC) in patients with recent diarrheal infection using immuno-magnetic cell sorting and an enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT) technique that requires only one milliliter of blood. We validated this approach in adult patients with cholera (n = 15) or ETEC diarrhea (n = 30) on days 2, 7 and 30 after showing clinical symptom at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) hospital in Dhaka, and we compared responses to age-matched healthy controls (n = 7). We found that HLA-DR+ ASC (DR+ASC) responses specific both for T cell-dependent (cholera toxin B subunit), and T cell-independent (lipopolysaccharide) antigens were elevated at day 7 after showing clinical cholera symptom. Similarly, DR+ASCs were elevated against both heat-labile toxin and colonization factors following ETEC infection. We observed significant correlations between antigen-specific DR+ASC responses and antigen-specific, gut homing ASC and plasma antibody responses. This study demonstrates that a simple ELISPOT procedure allows determination of antigen-specific ASC responses using a small volume of whole blood following diarrhea. This technique may be particularly useful in studying DR+ASC responses in young children and infants, either following infection or vaccination. |
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Keywords: | HLA-DR+ ASCs Immune response Cholera ETEC ELISPOT |
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