Carotenoid radical cations and dications: EPR, optical, and electrochemical studies |
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| Authors: | Kispert Lowell D Konovalova Tatyana Gao Yunlong |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA. lkispert@bama.ua.edu |
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| Abstract: | Investigations of the structure and properties of paramagnetic carotenoid radical cations and diamagnetic carotenoid dications using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy in conjunction with electrochemical, optical, and HPLC measurements, and molecular orbital calculations are described. These methods were applied to determine how the carotenoid radical cations and dications can be formed, their electron-transfer properties and stability in various media, and the mechanism by which carotenoid radical cations can isomerize. |
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| Keywords: | Carotenoids Radical cations Dications Electron paramagnetic resonance Isomers Electron-nuclear double resonance Electrochemical Optical Electron transfer |
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