小鼠腹腔注射硫酸铍的病理形态学观察

目的研究腹腔注射硫酸铍（BeSO4.4H2O）对小鼠主要脏器的损害作用。方法将30只6周龄昆明（KM）雄性小鼠随机分为三组,分别予以不同剂量硫酸铍生理盐水溶液腹腔注射染毒,隔日一次,染毒两周。观察主要脏器的病理组织学变化并测定脏器系数。结果与对照组比较,染毒组心、脾、肾、睾丸脏器系数无显著差异,肝、肺脏器系数差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;对照组肺、肝病理学组织检查未见异常,低剂量组小鼠肺组织可见淤血、出血、支气管扩张出血,肺泡腔内有少量炎性渗出物、支气管周围炎、间质性肺炎、小叶性肺炎等;高剂量组小鼠肺组织可见支气管扩张出血,支气管腔内有大量炎性渗出物,支气管周围肺泡扩张,间质性肺炎、小叶性肺炎、融合性小叶性肺炎;低剂量组肝细胞水肿,可见点状坏死和小灶性坏死;高剂量组小鼠肝组织损伤严重,肝细胞排列紊乱,多数肝细胞呈细胞水肿,肝细胞胞质成空泡状,可见明显的点状坏死和小灶性坏死,并伴有炎细胞浸润,坏死区周围肝细胞细胞质呈嗜酸性变,轻度核固缩,并且肝细胞呈不同程度的胞质疏松,肝窦以及肝中央静脉扩张有广泛变性、坏死等病理改变。睾丸、心、脾、肾未见明显异常。结论小鼠腹腔注射本试验剂量的硫酸铍后主要引起肺组织和肝脏损伤,其它脏器未见明显异常。

Histopathological observation of mice after intraperitoneal injection of beryllium sulfate

Objective To observe histopathology changes in the main organs of Kunming(KM) mice after intraperitoneally injection of beryllium sulfate(BeSO4·4H2O).Methods Thirty 6-week old male KM mice were randomly divided into three groups,administered with saline solution of the beryllium sulfate by intraperitoneally injection every other day for two weeks.The organ coefficients were detected and pathological changes were examined by HE staining.Results Compared with the control group,the organ coefficients of testis,heart,spleen,kidney were not significantly changed,the organ coefficients of lung and liver were changed with significant differences(P<0.05).As for the liver and lung histopathology,it was normal in the control group,but the low dose experimental group presented congestion,hyperemia,bronchiectasic hemorrhage,slight alveolar inflammatory exudates,peribronchitis,interstitial pneumonia and lobular pneumonia.The lung tissue in the high dose experimental group presented bronchiectasic hemorrhage,severe bronchial inflammatory exudates,peribronchial alveolar ectasia,interstitial pneumonia,lobular pneumonia and confluent bronchopneumonia.Swelling of hepatocytes,and spotty and focal necrosis were seen in the liver of mice in the low dose experimental group.The high dose experimental group showed obvious liver damages such as swelling of most hepatocytes and disorganized arrangement of hepatocytes.A strong cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration,obvious spotty and focal necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration,acidophilic denaturation of hepatocytes surrounding the necrotic areas,slight pyknotic hepatocyte nuclei,more or less cytoplasmic rarefaction,apparent widening of hepatic sinusoids and central vein with denaturation and necrosis were often observed changes.The testis,heart,spleen and kidney in the model group showed normal histopathological appearance.Conclusions Beryllium sulfate injected intraperitoneally in the doses used in this study induce apparent damages in the lung and liver tissue of mice,but other organs are not obviously affected.