秸秆还田对设施番茄产量和土壤磷素的影响

进行温室玉米秸秆还田对番茄的增产效果以及对设施土壤磷素的影响研究。通过单因素试验，检测秸秆还田对微生物量磷和磷素淋溶的影响。与对照相比，添加秸秆可以显著提高土壤中全磷和有效磷的含量，以能显著提高土壤的磷活化系数，以秸秆30 000 kg/hm²、磷肥（过磷酸钙,P）200 kg/hm²（S3P3）的处理最高,有效降低土壤中全磷和有效磷向下迁移的能力。秸秆还田还可以增加土壤中微生物量磷含量，秸秆还田量和微生物量磷之间存在中等程度相关，并改变土壤中有效磷的比例，进而对植物生长产生一定的影响。结果表明，秸秆还田能够改变磷元素在土壤耕作层中的分布，提高土壤中微生物量磷和有效磷的含量，增加原土壤的磷活化系数，并显著减少磷素的淋溶量，为降低农业面源污染提供了部分解决途径。

Effects of Straw Returning on Facility Tomato Yield and Soil Phosphorus

The effect of corn straw returning on tomato yield and phosphorus in facility soil was studied. Single factor experiment was conducted to detect the effect of straw returning on microbial biomass phosphorus and phosphorus leaching. The results showed that as compared with the control, layer added with straw could significantly increase the content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in soil, and could significantly increase the phosphorus activation coefficient of soil, and the treatment of straw 30 000 kg/hm² and phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate, P) 200 kg/hm²(S3P3) was the highest. It can effectively reduce the downward migration ability of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in soil. Straw returning can also increase the content of microbial biomass phosphorus in soil, and there is a moderate correlation between them, and change the proportion of available phosphorus in soil, moreover it has a certain impact on plant growth. The results showed that straw returning change the distribution of phosphorus in soil tillage layer, increase the content of microbial biomass phosphorus and available phosphorus in soil, also increase the proportion of original soil total phosphorus, significantly reduce phosphorus eluviation and provided a partly solving way of agricultural non-point source pollution.