采收期对不同种质香青兰生长和产量及其药效成分的影响

以种质‘蒙青兰1号’、白花香青兰、山东香青兰、甘肃香青兰、新疆香青兰种子为材料，分析盐碱地栽培中采收期(盛花期、终花期、成熟期)对不同种质香青兰生长生理特性、药材产量及药效成分含量的影响，为内蒙古中部地区盐碱地中推广种植香青兰提供依据。结果显示：(1)种质资源、采收期及其互作效应对香青兰的形态生长指标有一定的显著性影响；随着采收期的推迟，各种质香青兰的鲜重表现为逐渐降低的趋势，并以盛花期为最佳；株高等形态生长指标均表现为逐渐增高的趋势，并以成熟期为最佳。(2)抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质等抗逆生理指标表现为逐渐降低的趋势，并以盛花期为最佳。(3)光合气体交换参数表现为逐渐降低的趋势，并以盛花期为最佳。(4)药材产量表现为先增高后降低的趋势，以终花期为最佳；药效成分含量则表现为逐渐降低的趋势，并以盛花期为最佳。其中，终花期的‘蒙青兰1号’药材产量最高(4 692.32 kg·hm^-2)；盛花期的新疆香青兰药效成分含量最高，总黄酮含量达23.40 mg·g^-1，挥发油含量达0.59%。研究表明，在各种质与采收期组合中，终花期的‘蒙青兰1号’药材产量最高，盛花期的新疆香青兰生长特性以及药效成分含量均为最高；在栽培实践中，注重产量可选择‘蒙青兰1号’并于终花期进行采收为宜，追求药效则采用新疆香青兰并于盛花期采收为宜。

Effect of Harvesting Period on Growth, Yield and Pharmacodynamic Components of Different Germplasms from Dracocephalum moldavica L.

Using germplasms Dracocephalum moldavica No.1, Baihua Dracocephalum moldavica L., Shandong Dracocephalum moldavica L., Gansu Dracocephalum moldavica L. and Xinjiang Dracocephalum moldavica L. seeds as materials, we explored the effects of the harvest period (flowering stage, final flowering stage, mature stage) on the growth physiological characteristics, yield of medicinal herbs and the content of pharmacodynamic components of different germplasm of D. moldavica L. in saline alkali land, to provide a reference for the popularization and planting of D. moldavica L. in saline alkali land of central Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: (1) with the delay of the harvest period, the fresh weight of all germplasms of D. moldavica L. decreased gradually, and the flowering stage was the best; while the plant height and other morphological growth indexes increased gradually, and the mature stage was the best. (2) Antioxidant enzyme activity, Osmotic regulatory substances and other physiological indexes of stress resistance decreased gradually, and the flowering stage was the best. (3) The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters decreased gradually, and the flowering stage was the best. (4) The yield increased first and then decreased, and the final flowering stage was the best; while the content of pharmacodynamic components decreased gradually, and the flowering stage was the best. Among them, the yield of Dracocephalum moldavica No.1 at the final flowering stage was the highest (4 692.32 kg·hm^-2); the content of pharmacodynamic components of Xinjiang D. moldavica L. was the highest in the flowering stage, the content of total flavonoid reached 23.40 mg·g^-1, essential oil content up to 0.59%. The research shows that, in various combinations of germplasm and harvesting period, the yield of Dracocephalum moldavica No.1 in the final flowering stage was the highest, and the flowering period of Xinjiang Dracocephalum moldavica L. had the highest growth characteristics and pharmacodynamic content. In cultivation practice, Dracocephalum moldavica No.1 can be selected for yield and harvested at the final flowering stage, and Xinjiang Dracocephalum moldavica L. can be selected for the pursuit of medical and harvested at the flowering stage.