猴头菌子实体和菌丝体多糖的分离纯化与理化特征的比较*

人工栽培的猴头菌子实体和固体培养的菌丝体分别经热水提取，浓缩、醇析后得子实体粗多糖（HFP）和菌丝体粗多糖（HMP），HFP的得率和多糖含量均高于HMP；两者再经透析、Sevag法脱蛋白、乙醇分级沉淀、SephadexG-100柱层析纯化，得子实体纯多糖hfp-1和菌丝体纯多糖 hmp-2，经HPLC检测hfp-1和hmp-2为单一均匀多糖。气相色谱分析表明hfp-1的单糖组成为阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖，摩尔比为：0.12：0.04：1.00：0.71；hmp-2的单糖组成为阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖，摩尔比为：0.25：0.41：0.31：1.00：0.29。紫外光谱分析表明组成中不含核酸和蛋白质，红外光谱分析二者均有多糖特征吸收峰，hfp-1有β-型连接的吸收峰，hmp-2无明显的β-型连接的吸收峰；经HPLC进行分子量测定，hfp-1的分子量为54000，hmp-2的分子量为68000。猴头菌子实体多糖和菌丝体多糖在化学组成上有一定的差异。

ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM FRUIT BODY AND MYCELIA OF HERICIUM ERINACEUS

The polysaccharide of artificial cultivated fruit bodies and mycelia of hericium erinaceus were extracted with hot water and precipitated with 90% alcohol. The yield of crude polysaccharide of fruit body were higher than that of mycelium. The purified polysaccharides hfp-1 and hmp-2 were obtained by ethanol grade fractionation and SephadexG-100 column from the crude ones . The hfp-1 and hmp-2 were characterized with UV and HPLC. The result showed that both hfp-1 and hmp-2 were homogeneous and did not contain detectable protein or nucleic acid. The gas chromatography(GC) showed that hfp-1 was composed of arabinose, mannose, galactose and glucose with the molar ratio of 0.12：0.04：1.00：0.71；hmp-2 was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose with the molar ratio of 0.25：0.41：0.31：1.00：0.29. IR of hfp-1 and hmp-2 has special peaks of polysaccharide. IR of hfp-1 appeared a peak of β-glycoside linkage but did not in hmp-2. The result of HPLC showed that the average molecular weight of hfp-1 and hmp-2 were 54 000 and 68 000, respectively.