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Transport-dependent maturation of organelles in neurons |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;2. Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;3. Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan;2. Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild Research Laboratories D227, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;1. Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;1. Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA;2. Peter O''Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA;3. Department of Neurosurgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA |
| Abstract: | Some organelles show a spatial gradient of maturation along the neuronal process where more mature organelles are found closer to the cell body. This gradient is set up by progressive maturation steps that are aided by differential organelle distribution as well as transport. Autophagosomes and endosomes mature as they acquire lysosomal membrane proteins and decrease their luminal pH as they are retrogradely transported towards the cell body. The acquisition of lysosomal proteins along the neuronal processes likely occurs through fusion or membrane exchange events with Golgi-derived donor transport carriers that are transported anterogradely from the cell body. The mechanisms by which endosomes and autophagosomes mature might be applicable to other organelles that are transported along neuronal processes. Defects in axonal transport may also contribute to the accumulation of immature organelles in neurons. Such accumulations have been seen in neurons of neurodegenerative models. |
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