Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity via humoral immune epitope of Nef protein expressed on cell surface

Antibodies against various proteins of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) can be detected in HIV-1-infected individuals. We previously reported that the level of Ab response against one Nef epitope is correlated with HIV-1 disease progression. To elucidate the mechanism for this correlation, we examined Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against target cells expressing Nef. We observed efficient cytotoxicity against Nef-expressing target cells in the presence of patient plasma and PBMCs. This ADCC activity was correlated with the dilution of plasma from HIV-1-infected patients. Addition of a specific synthetic peptide (peptide 31:FLKEKGGLE) corresponding to the Nef epitope reduced cell lysis to approximately 50%. These results suggest that PBMCs of HIV-1-infected patients may exert ADCC via anti-Nef Abs in the patients' own plasma and serve as a mechanism used by the immune system to regulate HIV-1 replication.