Contractile system of muscle as an auto-oscillator |
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| Authors: | Ishiwata Shin'ichi Shimamoto Yuta Fukuda Norio |
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| Institution: | a Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;b Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;c Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABIOS), Singapore 138667, Singapore;d Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;e Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University of School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan |
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| Abstract: | It is widely known that the contractile system of muscle takes on either the state of contraction (force-generating) or the state of relaxation (non-force-generating), which is known as the "all-or-nothing" principle. However, it is important to note that under intermediate activation conditions there exists a third state, which demonstrates auto-oscillatory properties and is termed SPOC (SPontaneous Oscillatory Contraction) state. We present a phase diagram, in which the states of the contractile system of muscle are divided into three regions consisting of contraction, relaxation and SPOC states. In the present review, experimental data related to the characteristics of SPOC are summarized and the mechanism of SPOC is described. We propose that the bio-motile system itself is an auto-oscillator, even in a membrane-less supra-molecular structure composed of an assembly of molecular motors and cytoskeletons (actin filaments and microtubules). Finally, the physiological significance of SPOC is discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle SPOC Myofibril Sarcomere Auto-oscillation |
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