Small RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways in C. elegans |
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| Authors: | Sylvia EJ Fischer |
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| Institution: | 1. RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;2. Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;3. Howard Hughes Medical Institute;1. Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;2. RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;3. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;1. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China;2. CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;2. Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;3. Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;4. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, and CMaCH center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;5. Howard Hughes Medical Institute;1. RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;2. Department of Chemical Physiology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SR11, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;3. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;1. Department of Neurobiology, Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Small RNA pathways, including the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway and the microRNA (miRNA) pathway, regulate gene expression, defend against transposable elements and viruses, and, in some organisms, guide genome rearrangements. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been at the forefront of small RNA research; not only were the first miRNAs and their function as regulators of gene expression discovered in C. elegans, but also double-stranded RNA-induced gene silencing by RNAi was discovered in this model organism. Since then, genetic and RNAi-mediated screens, candidate gene approaches, and biochemical studies have uncovered numerous factors in the small RNA pathways and painted a rich palette of interacting pathways. Here we review the different small RNAs that have been discovered in C. elegans and discuss our understanding of their biogenesis pathways and mechanisms of action. |
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