Effect of artemisinin on oocyst wall formation and sporulation during Eimeria tenella infection |
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| Authors: | Emilio del Cacho Margarita Gallego María Francesch Joaquín Quílez Caridad Sánchez-Acedo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;2. IRTA, Mas de Bover, Ctra. Reus-El Morell Km. 3.8, E-43120 Constantí (Tarragona), Spain;1. Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India;2. Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India;3. Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India;1. Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India;2. Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India;3. PK-PD Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu-Tawi, J&K, India;1. School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China;2. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China;1. Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan;3. Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan;4. Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan;1. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China;2. National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China;3. Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China;1. Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India;2. Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India;3. PK-PD Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu-Tawi, India |
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| Abstract: | The anticoccidial effect of a product extracted from the natural herb Artemisia annua, artemisinin, which has a potential use as a dietary supplement, has been studied. Commercial artemisinin was administered at 10 and 17 ppm in food and tested against infection with Eimeria tenella. A battery trial to quantify the effect of artemisinin on the reproductive and infective capabilities of E. tenella was carried out. For that purpose flow cytometry was combined with electron microscopy and immunofluorescence techniques in order to study the effect of artemisinin on E. tenella gametogenesis. Significantly reduced oocyst output and lesion scores were found in chickens treated with artemisinin. In addition, evidence to support a lower oocyst sporulation rate was obtained. Though the ultrastructural studies showed normal development of gametogenesis in artemisinin-treated chickens, the oocyst wall formation was significantly altered. This resulted in both death of developing oocysts and reduced sporulation rate. Immunofluorescent studies provided evidence that treatment with artemisinin inhibited sarcoplasmic–endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) expression in macrogametes. According to these findings, artemisinin has a deleterious effect on fertilized macrogametes (early zygotes) by inhibiting SERCA. The altered secretion of the wall-forming bodies may be the result of Ca2+-dependent ATPase impaired activity which, in turn, is the result of SERCA inhibition. |
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