Lymphocytes in cancer development: Polarization towards pro-tumor immunity |
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| Authors: | Brian Ruffell David G DeNardo Nesrine I Affara Lisa M Coussens |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States;2. Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States;1. Institute of Biology, Molecular Medicine and Nanobiotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy;3. Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy;1. Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India;2. Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India;1. Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;2. Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;1. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA |
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| Abstract: | The classic view that the role of immune cells in cancer is primarily one of tumor rejection has been supplanted by a more complex view of leukocytes having both pro- and anti-tumor properties. This shift is due to the now well recognized capabilities of several myeloid cell types that foster pro-tumor programming of premalignant tissue, as well as the discovery that subsets of leukocytes also suppress development and effector functions of lymphocytes important for mediating anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we focus on the underappreciated role that T lymphocytes play in promoting tumor development. This includes, in addition to the role of T regulatory cells, a role for natural killer T cells and CD4+ T helper cells in suppressing anti-tumor immunity and promoting cancer growth and metastasis. |
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