温度对菊小长管蚜生长发育的影响

在15、19、22、25、28、31和35℃及RH80％的组合条件下，测定了菊小长管蚜的发育起点温度及有效积温，分析了温度与菊小长管蚜发育速率的关系．结果表明，菊小长管蚜各龄若虫的发育时间随温度的增加而缩短，4龄若虫的发育历时最长，平均为前三龄若虫历期的1．4倍．模拟分析表明，菊小长管蚜发育速率随温度的升高而加快，2、3龄若虫较1、4龄若虫对极端温度的忍耐性强，发育最适温度高．2、3龄若虫的极端温度忍耐值δ为6．70，最适发育温度为21．76℃，最高发育温度为40．97℃；1、4龄若虫极端温度忍耐值δ分别为4．70和4．50，最适发育温度分别23．76℃和22．49℃，最高发育温度为39．97℃和40．56℃；龄期越高，发育起点温度相对较低，发育所需的有效积温则越高．1～4龄若蚜的发育起点温度分别为6．93、5．02、4．58和4．46℃，有效积温分别为26．88、33．41、33．63和48．49℃·d^-1。

Effect of temperature on Macrosiphoniella sanborni development

The development of Macrosiphoniella sanborni was studied at 15-35 degrees C and 80% RH, and the data obtained were used to determine the rate and threshold of its development and the sum of effective temperature. The optimal temperature for M. sanborni development ranged from 22 degrees C to 25 degrees C. After fitting the data to Wang Rusong's model, the development rate V(t) increased with rising temperature. The 2nd and 3rd instar nymphs were found more tolerable to extreme temperature and had higher optimal temperature than 1st and 4th instar nymphs. The temperature tolerance value delta was 6.70 for the 2nd and 3rd instars, and 4.70 and 4.50 for the 1st and 4th instars, respectively. The optimal temperature for the 2nd and 3rd instar was 21.76 degrees C, and the highest development temperature was 40.97 degrees C, while for the 1st and 4th instar, the optimal temperature was 23.76 degrees C and 22.49 degrees C, and the highest development temperature was 39.97 degrees C and 40.56 degrees C, respectively. Calculations with direct optimum estimation method showed that the threshold of development decreased with the aging of nymphs, while the effective accumulative temperature increased. For the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar, the threshold of development was 6.93, 5.02, 4.58 and 4.46 degrees C, and the effective accumulative temperature was 26.88, 33.41, 33.63 and 48.49 degrees C x d(-1), respectively.