Rates of heat exchange in the ornate box turtle,Terrapene ornata |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa;2. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa;1. Irstea, Ecosystèmes Montagnards, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76, 38402 Saint-Martin-d''Hères Cedex, France;2. Irstea, Laboratoire d''Ingénierie pour les Systèmes Complexes, 9 avenue Blaise Pascal, CS 20085, 63178 Aubière, France;1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;2. Herpetology Section, Los Angeles Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, CA, USA;3. Department of Biology, Earlham College, IN, USA;4. Chelonian Research Foundation, Lunenburg, MA, USA;5. Turtle Conservancy, New York, NY, USA;6. Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA;7. University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia;8. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Riverside, CA, USA;9. Associació Picampall de les Terres de l’Ebre, Amposta, Spain;10. Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;11. Cuora Conservation Center, 8530 Deutschlandsberg, Austria;12. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA;13. Department of Biology, Hofstra University, New York, NY, USA;14. African Chelonian Institute, Ngaparou/Mbour, Senegal;15. Genetics Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, AR, USA;16. Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia;17. Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute, Chattanooga, TN, USA;18. Wildlife Conservation Society and Turtle Survival Alliance, Cali, Colombia;19. The Surprise Spring Foundation, Prescott, AR, USA;20. Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, Germany;21. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;22. Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia;23. Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China;24. College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China;25. Asian Turtle Program of Indo-Mynamar Conservation, Hanoi, Vietnam;26. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa;27. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA;28. Turtle Survival Alliance, Charleston, SC, USA;29. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Hawaii-Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA;30. Department of Environmental Ecology, VNU University of Science, and Central Institute of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam;31. Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA;32. Department of Biology and Health Services, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, Edinboro, PA, USA;33. U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AR, USA;34. Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome, Italy;35. Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria;36. Seattle, WA, USA;37. Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia;38. Wildlife Conservation Society, Yangon, Myanmar;39. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA;40. Chelonian Research Institute, Oviedo, FL, USA;41. Turtle Conservation Fund, Kirksville, MO, USA;42. Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA;43. NOAA-Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA;44. School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia;45. School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC, Australia;46. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil;1. Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark;2. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark;3. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK;4. Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;5. Department of Computational Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;6. Danish National High-throughput DNA Sequencing Centre, University of Copenhagen 1353, Denmark;7. Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark;8. Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525, the Netherlands;9. Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany;10. Tompotika Luwuk Banggai, Tompotika University, Luwuk 94711, Indonesia;11. Wellcome Trust, Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK;1. Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;2. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;3. Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;4. Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;5. Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;6. Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;7. Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;8. Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;9. Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;10. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;11. Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;12. Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada;2. Water Stewardship and Biodiversity Division, Wildlife and Fisheries Branch, Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development, Box 28, 59 Elizabeth Drive, Thompson, MB, R8N 1X4, Canada;3. Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, c/o Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada |
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| Abstract: | - 1.1. Eight ornate box turtles, Terrapene ornata, were heated and cooled in water at 35 and 15°C respectively.
- 2.2. Thermal time constants were calculated and no significant differences were found (t-test; 0.05 level) between warming and cooling rates.
- 3.3. Heart-rate data indicated slightly higher, but non-significant, mean values during warming.
- 4.4. It was concluded that T. ornata is not able to physiologically alter rates of heat exchange in water significantly and must rely on behavioral mechanisms to maintain body temperature.
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