Relationship between production factors and dominance in White Leghorn hens in a study on social rank and cage design |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey;2. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey;3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey;5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey;6. Veterinary Medicine, Alaca Farm, Bursa, Turkey;1. Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, K-221 Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States;2. Beef Cattle Institute, Kansas State University, 1320 Research Park Drive, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States;3. Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States;4. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, VBS 120C, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States;5. USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Spur 18D, Clay Center, NE 68933, United States;1. Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;1. Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia;2. Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, 7320, Australia;3. Rivalea Australia, Corowa, New South Wales, 2646, Australia;1. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa;2. Directorate Animal Sciences: Elsenburg, Department of Agriculture, Western Cape Government, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg, 7609, South Africa;3. Cape Institute of Agricultural Training, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg 7607, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | The effects of social rank and cage shape on feeding frequency, weight gain, production rate, egg size, shell strength and overt aggressive activity were determined for White Leghorn layers housed six per cage in deep and shallow cages. Social rank significantly affected feeding frequency, production rate, egg size, and aggressive activity for birds in both cage designs. Birds ranking high in the social order fed more frequently, had higher production rates, larger eggs and delivered more aggressive head pecks than birds low in the peck order. The effect for production rate was manifested only at the sixth bird level. Significant social rank effects on weight gain, final body weight and shell strength were not observed. Birds in shallow cages fed more frequently, gained more weight and were involved in more aggressive acts with cage mates than those in deep cages. |
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