Dental eruption sequence and eruption times in Erythrocebus patas

Erythrocebus patas has a short inter-birth interval, juveniles become independent from their mother early, females are young at first birth, and adult females have a high mortality rate. According to Schultz’s rule, the molars of fast-growing and shorter-lived primate species erupt early relative to the replacement teeth. Based on the life history of E. patas, we hypothesized that the molars would erupt before the replacement teeth and/or that the eruption time of its molars would be early. The purpose of the present study was to determine the dental eruption sequence and eruption times for E. patas and to test our hypothesis. The eruption sequence for the permanent teeth of E. patas is fractextM1  textI1  textI2  textM2  textP3  textP4  [textC  textM3]textM1  textI1  textI2  textM2  textP4  [textP3  textC]textM3 frac{{{text{M1}};{text{I1}};{text{I2}};{text{M2}};{text{P3}};{text{P4}};[{text{C}};{text{M3}}]}}{{{text{M1}};{text{I1}};{text{I2}};{text{M2}};{text{P4}};[{text{P3}};{text{C}}]{text{M3}}}} in males and fractextM1  textI1  textI2  [textM2  textP4  textP3  textC]textM3textM1  textI1  textI2  [textM2  textP4  textP3  textC]textM3 frac{{{text{M1}};{text{I1}};{text{I2}};[{text{M2}};{text{P4}};{text{P3}};{text{C}}]{text{M3}}}}{{{text{M1}};{text{I1}};{text{I2}};[{text{M2}};{text{P4}};{text{P3}};{text{C}}]{text{M3}}}} in females. Because these sequences constitute the general pattern seen in cercopithecines, Schultz’s rule could not be applied to E. patas. The emergence time of upper and lower first molar (M1) is earlier in E. patas than in macaques, baboons, and mandrills and is similar to that in Chlorocebus aethiops. The emergence time of deciduous upper and lower fourth premolar (dp4) is similar to that in the above-mentioned cercopithecines but is later than that in Ch. aethiops. The emergence times of upper and lower second molar (M2) and upper and lower third molar (M3) in E. patas are earlier than those in the above-mentioned cercopithecines but later than those in Ch. aethiops. However, the intervals of the emergence time between each permanent molar in E. patas are similar to those of the above-mentioned cercopithecines. The early appearance of M2 and M3 in E. patas is related to the short interval of emergence time between dp4 and M1.