|
|||||
|
|
Climatic Factors Influencing the Anthrax Outbreak of 2016 in Siberia,Russia |
|
| Authors: | Ezhova Ekaterina Orlov Dmitry Suhonen Elli Kaverin Dmitry Mahura Alexander Gennadinik Victor Kukkonen Ilmo Drozdov Dmitry Lappalainen Hanna K Melnikov Vladimir Petäjä Tuukka Kerminen Veli-Matti Zilitinkevich Sergey Malkhazova Svetlana M Christensen Torben R Kulmala Markku |
| Institution: | 1.Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ;2.Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia ;3.Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia ;4.International Centre of Cryology and Cryosophy, University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia ;5.Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ;6.Earth Cryosphere Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russia ;7.Hydrogeological Department, Faculty of Engineering Geology, Russian State Geological Prospecting University, Moscow, Russia ;8.Department of Earth Cryology, Industrial University of Tyumen’, Tyumen, Russia ;9.Tyumen Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russia ;10.Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland ;11.Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ; |
| Abstract: | In 2016, an outbreak of anthrax killing thousands of reindeer and affecting dozens of humans occurred on the Yamal peninsula, Northwest Siberia, after 70 years of epidemiological situation without outbreaks. The trigger of the outbreak has been ascribed to the activation of spores due to permafrost thaw that was accelerated during the summer heat wave. The focus of our study is on the dynamics of local environmental factors in connection with the observed anthrax revival. We show that permafrost was thawing rapidly for already 6 years before the outbreak. During 2011–2016, relatively warm years were followed by cold years with a thick snow cover, preventing freezing of the soil. Furthermore, the spread of anthrax was likely intensified by an extremely dry summer of 2016. Concurrent with the long-term decreasing trend in the regional annual precipitation, the rainfall in July 2016 was less than 10% of its 30-year mean value. We conclude that epidemiological situation of anthrax in the previously contaminated Arctic regions requires monitoring of climatic factors such as warming and precipitation extremes. |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录！ | |