A systematic histological study of palm fruits. III. Subtribe Iguanurinae (Arecaceae) |
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Authors: | Frederick B Essig Timothy J Manka Lisa Bussard |
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Institution: | (1) Institute for Systematic Botany, Department of Biology—SCA 110, University of South Florida, 33620 Tampa, FL, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | This study represents a preliminary sampling of the pericarp histology of the subtribe Iguanurinae (tribe Areceae, subfamily
Arecoideae) of the family Arecaceae. At least one sample from each of the 27 recognized genera was examined and illustrated
with a line drawing. This sampling serves to characterize fruit structure in the subtribe as a whole, to illustrate the diversity
of pericarp adaptations found in the subtribe, to characterize the monotypic genera, to provide hypotheses about the characterization
of the larger genera, and to test existing phylogenetic hypotheses about the Iguanurinae. There are no unique tissues present
in the pericarp in this subtribe, but genera can be readily characterized by unique combinations and distributional patterns
in common tissues. These patterns, and some prominent evolutionary trends, parallel those in related subtribes of Areceae,
such as the Ptychospermatinae and Arecinae. Significant in this subtribe is variation in the distribution of tanniniferous
cells, raphide-bearing cells and brachysclereids, in the sculpturing of the seed and the locular epidermis, in the thickness
of the locular epidermis, in the thickness of the fibrous vascular bundle sheaths, and especially in the number, orientation
and distribution of nonvascular fibrous bundles. One major trend is the formation of systems of separate fibrous bundles and
their progressive displacement toward the outer layer of the fruit, where a complex exocarp may form. The diversity of pericarp
structure in the Iguanurinae is far greater than in the two subtribes previously studied. |
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Keywords: | Iguanurinae palms Arecaceae pericarp histology anatomy |
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