瓜套棉田烟粉虱与棉蚜种群动态及竞争干扰行为研究

【目的】甜瓜和棉花均是棉蚜及烟粉虱的适宜寄主,瓜套棉种植模式为2种害虫混合危害提供了条件,该模式下哪种害虫具有竞争优势值得探讨。【方法】通过田间定点调查和室内行为学观察,研究了吐鲁番地区瓜套棉种植模式下棉蚜和烟粉虱的发生动态及竞争干扰。【结果】田间观察分别于2011和2012年进行,在瓜套棉种植模式棉花、甜瓜上,棉蚜的发生期较烟粉虱早,但随着烟粉虱田间种群数量增加,对棉蚜产生明显的干扰和竞争作用,8月下旬至9月上旬烟粉虱成为田间优势种群。室内行为观察表明,2种害虫共存状态下均表现出以烟粉虱为优势的竞争作用,主要行为表现为通过触角、足的驱赶行为和进入棉蚜活动区域干扰等。当虫量低于4头·皿~(-1)时,无论棉蚜和烟粉虱哪种昆虫先接入,相互间的影响和干扰都很少。当2种昆虫数量均增加到8头·皿~(-1)时,烟粉虱成虫以触角、足等干扰棉蚜的行为频次显著增多。不同的定殖时间下,无论棉蚜和烟粉虱哪种昆虫先接入,随着定殖时间的延长,烟粉虱通过触角、足以及进入棉蚜活动区域驱逐和干扰棉蚜的行为都呈递减的趋势。【结论】在瓜套棉种植模式下,烟粉虱较棉蚜具有显著的竞争优势。

Population dynamics and competitive interference behaviors of Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypii in field of melon intercropping with cotton

Aim] Both melon and cotton are preferable hosts of Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypii. The growing system of melon intercropping with cotton offered a favorable condition for the mixing of these two pests. It was studied in this paper that which one will take advantages in this competitive situation. Method] Population dynamic and competitive interference behaviors of B. tabaci and A. gossypii in the growing system of melon intercropped with cotton were studied in Turpan under field and indoor observations. Result] In 2011 and 2012, the occurrence of A. gossypii on both cotton and melon are earlier than that of B. tabaci, however the interferences and competitive effect of B. tabaci against A. gossypii are significant along with the increase of B. tabaci population. Thereafter, B. tabaci became to the dominant population in the field from later August to early September. Indoor behavior observation showed that B. tabaci always took advantages when competing against A. gossypii. The main behaviors included driving A. gossypii away with antenna and legs, and entering the area where A. gossypii was located to disturb. The interference behaviors were less intense when both A. gossypii and B. tabaci were less than 4 per vessel, whatever A. gossypii or B. tabaci was firstly introduced into the vessel. However B. tabaci drove A. gossypii away with antenna and legs more frenquently than when they were over 8 per vessel. Regarding the settled time of A. gossypii or B. tabaci was firstly introduced into the vessel, the disturbances declined over time. Conclusion] Thus, B. tabaci was a superior competitor to A. gossypii in the growing system of melon intercropping with cotton.