新疆林果外来入侵生物的发生及检测监测和控制策略

近10年来,新疆林果业快速发展。随着林果种苗等繁殖材料的运输,林果有害生物由境外、省外及在区内传播的风险加剧,外来有害生物入侵成为当下影响新疆林果业健康发展的重要问题。在鉴定工作方面,目前新疆林果外来入侵生物的鉴定更多地采用了分子生物学鉴定的方法;在监测工作层面,新疆林果有害生物普查以人工地面调查为主;在防控方面,主要以药剂防治的方法为主,辅以生物防治技术及栽培措施等多种方法。全疆的林业主管部门成功控制了多种林果外来入侵生物引起的疫情,包括枣实蝇和扶桑绵粉蚧这2种极具危害性的林果外来入侵生物。新疆林果外来入侵生物的鉴定、监测及防控工作的开展,可将林果外来入侵生物所带来的危险降到最低程度,促进全疆林业的发展。

Invasive species identification, monitoring, prevention and control status of forest fruit in Xinjiang

For the past 10 years, forest fruit industry has rapidly developed in Xinjiang. With the transport of seedling propagules of forest fruits, the risk of pests coming from overseas or outside of the province has increased. It has become an important issue to maintain a healthy forest fruit industry in Xinjiang. In identification works, morphological identification and molecular identification were generally used in identifications. In monitoring levels, artificial ground surveys were mainly used in forest fruit general survey, which was the conventional monitoring techniques. In prevention and control, chemical control method was mainly used, and biological control techniques and cultivation measures were supplemented. The epidemic caused by various forest fruit invasive species, including Carpomyia vesuviana Costa and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, were successfully controlled by Xinjiang forestry administrations. The identification, monitoring, prevention and control works of forest fruit invasive species reduced the dangerous of the forest fruit invasive species and promoted the development of Xinjiang forestry.