赤松毛虫性信息素次要组分的鉴定——组分、电生理和田间效果

用带有极性和非极性毛细柱的气相色谱(GC)分析赤松毛虫Dendrolimus spectabilis性信息素腺体提取物，发现腺体中除含有已鉴定的性信息素(顺,反)-5,7-十二碳二烯醇(Z5,E7-12∶OH)外，还有微量的(顺,反)-5,7-十二碳二烯醛(Z5,E7-12∶Ald)和(顺,反)-5,7-十二碳二烯乙酸酯(Z5,E7-12∶Oac)，三种成分以100∶5-6±5-4∶3-2±1-8的比例存在。使用气相色谱-质谱选择性离子检测法（GC-MS-SIM）分析赤松毛虫腺体提取物，发现腺体中确实含有微量的Z5,E7-12∶Oac和痕量的Z5,E7-12∶Opr。赤松毛虫腺体提取物的气相色谱和触角电位检测联用（GC-EAD）分析发现只有Z5,E7-12∶OH能激起EAD反应，然而使用较高剂量的标准化合物进行GC-EAD分析发现Z5,E7-12∶OH、Z5,E7 12∶Oac和(顺,反)-5,7-十二碳二烯丙酸酯(Z5,E7-12∶Opr)均能刺激起EAD反应，而Z5,E7-12∶Ald则不能。触角电位（EAG）剂量-反应关系研究表明，当剂量变化范围在0.01～1 μg时，雄虫触角对Z5,E7-12∶OH最敏感，对Z5,E7-12∶Oac和Z5,E7-12∶Opr次之。田间试验表明，由Z5,E7-12∶OH， Z5,E7-12∶Oac和Z5,E7-12∶Opr配制的三组分诱芯，其诱蛾量显著高于由Z5,E7-12∶OH组成的单组分或是它与其乙酸酯或丙酸酯组成的两组分诱芯，当Z5,E7-12∶OH，Z5,E7-12∶Oac和Z5,E7-12∶Opr的比例为100∶3∶25时，诱蛾效果最佳。在上述三组分混合物中加入一定量的Z5,E7-12∶Ald，则对诱蛾有明显的抑制作用。上述事实表明，Z5,E7-12∶Oac和Z5,E7-12∶Opr是赤松毛虫性信息素的两种次要组分，而Z5,E7-12∶Ald则是信息素的抑制剂。

Identification of minor components of the pine caterpillar moth, Dendrolimus spectabilis sex pheromone: components, electrophysiological activity and field effects

Extracts from the sex pheromone gland of Dendrolimus spectabilis (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) using polar and non polar capillary columns. Apart from the identified sex pheromone, (Z,E)-5,7- dodecadien-1-ol Z5, E7-12∶OH), the compounds (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (Z5,E7-12∶Oac) and (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadienal (Z5,E7-12∶Ald) were also found, the ratio of the three compounds being 100∶5.6±5.4∶3.2±1.8. Small amounts of Z5,E7-12∶Oac, Z5,E7-12∶Ald and trace amounts of Z5,E7-12∶Opr were also detected by gas chromatography analyses coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). Analyses of the gland extracts by means of GC with simultaneous flame ionization and electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) showed that only Z5,E7-12∶OH elicited the antennal response. However, analyses of relatively higher doses of standard compounds by GC-EAD demonstrated that male antennae responded to Z5,E7-12∶OH, Z5,E7-12∶Oac and Z5,E7-12∶Opr, but not to Z5,E7-12∶Ald. Study of the relationship between dosage and electroantennographic (EAG) response showed that for dosages between 0.01 and 1 μg male antennae were most sensitive to Z5,E7-12∶OH followed by Z5,E7-12∶Oac and Z5,E7-12∶Opr. Field trials showed that a triple blend of Z5,E7-12∶OH, Z5,E7-12∶Oac and Z5,E7-12∶Opr attracted significantly more male moths than a single blend with alcohol, or a binary blend of alcohol and acetate or propionate. A blend of Z5,E7-12∶OH, Z5,E7-12∶Oac and Z5,E7-12∶Opr at a ratio of 100∶3∶25 was found to be the best attractant for capturing male moths. Addition of a certain amount of Z5,E7-12∶Ald had a repellent effect. These results suggest that Z,E7-12∶Oac and Z5,E7-12∶Opr are minor components of the sex pheromone of D. spectabilis while Z5,E7-12∶Ald is an antagonist to male D. spectabilis.