DNA profiling of complex bacterial populations: toxic cyanobacterial blooms |
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Authors: | Martin Saker Cristiana Moreira Joana Martins Brett Neilan Vitor Manuel Vasconcelos |
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Institution: | 1.Emaar Properties PJSC,Dubai,United Arab Emirates;2.Centro de Investiga??o Marinha e Ambiental—CIMAR/CIIMAR, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Genomics and Evolution,Porto,Portugal;3.School of Microbiology and Immunology,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia;4.Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências,Universidade do Porto,Porto,Portugal |
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Abstract: | Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic living organisms that inhabit our planet for over three billion years. With a
worldwide distribution, they can be found in all types of environments: fresh, brackish and saltwater as well as terrestrial.
Though beneficial in the development of life on earth, they also constitute a serious risk to our ecosystems since they can
biologically produce harmful secondary metabolites named cyanotoxins. When studying cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins, several
methodologies have been applied with an increasing relevance to molecular methods. Therefore, the aim of this review is to
describe alternative molecular methods that can be used as alternative methods for the identification of cyanobacteria. More
traditional chemotaxonomic methods are discussed briefly as are the standard and somewhat dated techniques for assessing genome
content for taxonomic classification schemes. The use of DNA amplification technology has been applied to the systematics
and phylogeny of many bacterial groups, and the optimisation of methods for rapid identification and classification of cyanobacteria
are presented. Together with novel methods developed for these photosynthetic microorganisms, the generated DNA profiles have
been utilised to study cyanobacterial bloom population diversity and prediction of strain toxigenicity. Finally, the genotypes
found were applied to a variety of phylogenetic analyses; trees were reconstructed and compared to the current morphological
system of classification. The ecology and diversity of the cyanobacteria is discussed with respect to the derived molecular
phylogenies and systematics. |
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