中国青褶伞时空分布研究

近年来在中国,蘑菇中毒已成为食物中毒事件中威胁人民生命健康的重要因素,其中青褶伞Chlorophyllum molybdites是最常见的毒蘑菇种类。为切实预防该种中毒,揭示其在我国的时空分布特征及规律就显得尤为重要和紧迫。本研究通过系统收集、整理、分析青褶伞在中国的时空分布信息,发现该种在1978-2020年中的20个年份中共出现于我国包含台湾省在内的17个省份,主要集中在热带和亚热带地区,东北地区（黑龙江和内蒙古东部）偶有分布,华北和西北没有记载。青褶伞在我国不同地区一年四季均有分布,具体时间为3-12月份,集中出现在6-10月份。该种最早于仲春出现在华南地区（广东）,随即向热带、亚热带的华南其他地区、华东、华中和西南地区扩散并持续至中秋,从晚秋至初冬,该种分布范围不断南移萎缩至西南热带地区（云南勐腊县）;在温带至寒温带,该种仅在夏末秋初出现在东北地区。

Spatial and temporal distribution of Chlorophyllum molybdites in China

Mushroom poisoning has become an important food safety issue threating people’s health in China, wherein Chlorophyllum molybdites is accepted to be the most common toxic mushroom species. To prevent C. molybdites poisoning, it is crucial and urgent to reveal its spatial and temporal distribution patterns. Extensive and systematic collection of C. molybdites in China in 20 years during 1978 to 2020 demonstrated that C. molybdites appeared in 17 provinces and mainly concentrated in the tropical and subtropical areas and occasionally distributed in Northeast China (Heilongjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia), and there were hitherto no records in North and Northwest China. It was found that C. molybdites nearly occurred throughout the year in China from March to December, and prosperously from June to October. This species annually first appeared in tropical South China (Guangdong) in mid-spring, then spread to other tropical to subtropical areas of South, East, Central and Southwest China and was sustained to mid-autumn. From late autumn to early winter, its distribution areas was limited to tropical Southwest China (Mengla County of Yunnan). In temperate to cold temperate zones, C. molybdites only appeared in late summer to early fall in northeastern China.