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Stable isotopes of Lithosiini and lichens in Hong Kong show the biodindicator potential of lichenivorous moths
Authors:Caren P. Shin  Abby Hoffman  Wanyi Lee  Roger C. Kendrick  David M. Baker  Timothy C. Bonebrake
Affiliation:1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;2. Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA;3. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan;4. C&R Wildlife, 29 Tai Yueng Che, Lam Tsuen, Tai Po, Hong Kong
Abstract:Urban landscapes provide unique environments for a wide variety of plants and animals, but their suitability may be limited by anthropogenic impacts such as pollution. We examined the potential utility of lichen and lichen-feeding moths as biodindicators of air pollution in Hong Kong by comparing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope values in lichens, lichenivorous and non-lichenivorous moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and a moth outgroup (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Our results show that stable isotope values for C and N were similar for lichens and lichen feeding moths, while non-lichen feeding moths formed a distinct group. In addition, we found consistent δ13C and δ15N values across moth body parts, indicating that any portion of the specimen is suitable for isotopic fingerprinting. Our results highlight that lichen feeding moths may be useful for integrating signals of atmospheric nitrogen pollution and could therefore have utility in monitoring and quantifying air quality over time and space.
Keywords:Environmental change  Hong Kong  Lepidoptera  Lithosiini  Air pollution  Urban ecosystem
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