Fertilization regulates apoptosis of Ciona intestinalis extra-embryonic cells through thyroxine (T4)-dependent NF-kappaB pathway activation during early embryonic development |
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Authors: | Maury Benoît Martinand-Mari Camille Chambon Jean-Philippe Soulé Jonathan Degols Geneviève Sahuquet Alain Weill Mylène Berthomieu Arnaud Fort Philippe Mangeat Paul Baghdiguian Stephen |
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Affiliation: | UMR 5539, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Dynamique Moléculaire des Interactions Membranaires, Case courrier no. 107-Université Montpellier 2, France. |
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Abstract: | In Ciona intestinalis, the elimination of extra-embryonic test cells during early stage of development is delayed by a fertilization signal. Test cells undergo a caspase-dependent apoptosis event repressed by thyroxine (T4)-activated NF-kappaB. When apoptosis was experimentally blocked, the hatching stage was delayed. The incubation of unfertilized eggs with a 1-h-fertilized egg extract or purified T4 restored apoptosis in test cells at a similar timing than found in fertilized eggs. Ciona expresses specific genes forming a functional IkappaB/NF-kappaB pathway. One, Ci-p65, was transiently induced upon fertilization via T4 and found to exert its anti-apoptotic role in test cells nuclei as well as in a reconstituted cell system. Blocking NF-kappaB activity by dexamethasone-induced overexpression of Ci-IkappaB abrogated the repression of apoptosis in test cells. Overall, the data are consistent for defining a central coupling role of both T4 and NF-kappaB during early embryo development. |
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Keywords: | Development Apoptosis Ciona Thyroxine NF-κB |
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