Prostasomes from four different species are able to produce extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Authors: | K. Gö ran Ronquist,Bo Ek,Jane Morrell,Anneli Stavreus-Evers,Bodil Strö m Holst,Patrice Humblot,Gunnar Ronquist,Anders Larsson |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;4. Department of Women''s and Children''s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;5. Division of Diagnostics and Large Animals, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Uppsala, Sweden |
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Abstract: | BackgroundProstasomes are extracellular vesicles. Intracellularly they are enclosed by another larger vesicle, a so called “storage vesicle” equivalent to a multivesicular body of late endosomal origin. Prostasomes in their extracellular context are thought to play a crucial role in fertilization.MethodsProstasomes were purified according to a well worked-out schedule from seminal plasmas obtained from human, canine, equine and bovine species. The various prostasomes were subjected to SDS-PAGE separation and protein banding patterns were compared. To gain knowledge of the prostasomal protein systems pertaining to prostasomes of four different species proteins were analyzed using a proteomic approach. An in vitro assay was employed to demonstrate ATP formation by prostasomes of different species.ResultsThe SDS-PAGE banding pattern of prostasomes from the four species revealed a richly faceted picture with most protein bands within the molecular weight range of 10–150 kDa. Some protein bands seemed to be concordant among species although differently expressed and the number of protein bands of dog prostasomes seemed to be distinctly fewer. Special emphasis was put on proteins involved in energy metabolic turnover. Prostasomes from all four species were able to form extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP formation was balanced by ATPase activity linked to the four types of prostasomes.ConclusionThese potencies of a possession of functional ATP-forming enzymes by different prostasome types should be regarded against the knowledge of ATP having a profound effect on cell responses and now explicitly on the success of the sperm cell to fertilize the ovum.General significanceThis study unravels energy metabolic relationships of prostasomes from four different species. |
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Keywords: | Prostasomes Seminal plasma Microvesicles Energy metabolism Extracellular ATP |
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