Antioxidant activity in Spalax ehrenbergi: a possible adaptation to underground stress |
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Authors: | Beatriz Caballero Cristina Tomás-Zapico Ignacio Vega-Naredo Verónica Sierra Delio Tolivia Rüdiger Hardeland María Josefa Rodríguez-Colunga Alma Joel Eviatar Nevo Aaron Avivi Ana Coto-Montes |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;(2) Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie der Göttingen Universität, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;(3) Laboratory of Animal Molecular Evolution, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905 Haifa, Israel |
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Abstract: | The blind subterranean mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies has evolved adaptive strategies to cope with underground stress. Hypoxia is known to stimulate reactive oxygen species generation; however, mechanisms by which Spalax counteracts oxidative damage have not been investigated before. We studied in Spalax the oxidative status of the Harderian gland (HG), an organ which is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress in many rodents. With regard to the sexual dimorphism found in this gland, differences between males and females were determined and compared to the surface-dwelling Syrian hamster. Our results show, for the first time, that Spalax exhibits remarkably low biomolecular damage, which implies the existence of physiological strategies to avoid oxidative damage under fluctuating O2 and CO2 levels existing in the mole rat’s subterranean niche. Correspondingly, main antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione reductase (GR), exhibited high activities in both genders; in particular, remarkably high levels were measured in SOD. SOD and GR activities showed statistically significant differences between sexes. Melatonin, an important circadian agent is also a very important antioxidant molecule and is synthesized in the Harderian glands (HGs) of Spalax. Therefore, the possible interaction between antioxidant enzymes and melatonin is suggested.Joint senior authorship: Aaron Avivi and Ana Coto-Montes |
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Keywords: | Spalax ehrenbergi Hypoxia Harderian gland Antioxidant defense Biomolecular damage |
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