遗忘的神经机制及其与神经系统疾病的相关性

遗忘是记忆系统的重要组成部分.一方面,生理条件下,正常的遗忘有助于维持大脑记忆系统稳态;另一方面,异常的遗忘与多种病理条件下记忆障碍的发生发展密切相关.或者说,遗忘是为了更好的记忆.对不愉快或者不必要记忆的遗忘有利于机体及时地获取新信息以适应环境的变化;而遗忘出现异常很可能会导致相关记忆障碍.例如,阿尔茨海默症(Alz...

The Neural Mechanisms Underlying Forgetting and Its Correlations with Nervous System Diseases

Forgetting is a critical component of the memory system. On the one hand, under physiological conditions, normal forgetting helps maintain the homeostasis of the brain memory system; on the other hand, abnormal forgetting is closely related to the occurrence and development of memory-related disorders under various neural pathological conditions. In another word, forgetting is for better memory. Forgetting of unpleasant or unnecessary memories is beneficial to update new information to adapt organisms to changing environment. Abnormal forgetting is usually associated with memory-related disorders. For example, patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and epilepsy have symptoms of accelerated forgetting, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and autistic patients cannot forget unpleasant memories. Currently, the essential relation and distinction between normal forgetting under physiological conditions and abnormal forgetting under pathological conditions are still unclear, and how to improve the memory impairment of patients by regulating the forgetting process remains to be further studied. This review mainly focuses on the involvement of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42), neurogenesis, microglia, dopamine and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPA receptors) in the regulation of forgetting under physiological conditions, and abnormal forgetting in various central pathological conditions such as AD, epilepsy, PTSD and autism. which will provide insight to the neuromolecular mechanism of forgetting and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of memory-related diseases.