黑腹果蝇成虫生长过程的脂质组分析

果蝇是一种重要的模式生物，为遗传学研究作出了巨大贡献。近几十年来，在发育生物学、行为生物学、神经生物学等领域也都发挥了十分关键的作用。脂质是构成生命的4大类基本物质之一，但关于果蝇脂质组特征研究并不多，尤其是黑腹果蝇在生长发育过程中的脂质组含量变化尚未见报导。为更全面了解果蝇生长发育的特性，本研究应用脂质组学方法，系统地表征了黑腹果蝇成虫生长过程中的337种脂质分子的变化。结果显示，磷脂总量从152.61 ± 4.92 nmol/mg 降低至112.3 ± 3.87 nmol/mg，其中溶血磷脂酰胆碱含量从0.70 ± 0.03 nmol/mg 升高至0.93 ± 0.11 nmol/mg。而中性脂甘油三酯 (TAG) 和甘油二酯 (DAG) 变化最剧烈，伴随果蝇生长，从356.12 ± 34.05 nmol/mg下降至86.99 ± 13.07 nmol/mg。同时，分析了与细胞膜稳定性有关的膜脂碳链长度、双键数目(DBI)和磷脂酰胆碱(PC)/磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)比值的变化。结果显示，果蝇成虫在生长阶段早中期（8～15 d）细胞膜最稳定，通过增加膜脂双键数目（10%～20%）和升高PC/PE比值（14%），增强膜稳定性。黑腹果蝇在成虫生长的不同阶段，其脂质分子组成特征不同，我们所发现的黑腹果蝇成虫生长过程中脂质分子含量变化，一方面为在脂质水平研究黑腹果蝇生长调控奠定了重要基础，另一方面也为黑腹果蝇作为研究模型时控制其正常健康生长提供了参考标准。

Lipid Group Analysis of Adult Growth of Drosophila melanogaster

As an important model organism, Drosophila has made great contributions to genetic research and plays a more and more critical role in developmental biology, behavioral biology and neurobiology in recent decades. Lipids are one of the four major substances that constitute life, but there are few studies on the lipid characteristics of D. melanogaster, especially in the growth and development of D. melanogaster. To characterize the biochemical aspects of D. melanogaster growth, we profiled the molecular lipid species during the growth of adult D. melanogaster by using the lipidomics approach. We identified 337 lipid molecluar species and found that total phospholipids decreased from 152.61 ± 4.92 nmol/mg to 112.93 ± 3.87 nmol/mg, but lysoPC increased from 0.70 ± 0.03 nmol/mg to 0.93 ± 0.11 nmol/mg. Neutral lipids triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) were dramatically reduced from 356.12 ± 34.05 nmol/mg to 86.99 ± 13.07 nmol/mg along with D. melanogaster growth. The analysis of acyl chain length, double bond index (DBI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio, major factors contributing to membrane stability, suggested that the membrane of D. melanogaster was most stable during the 8th to 15th day through increasing DBI (10%-20%) and PC/PE ratio (14%). The results showed that D. melanogaster had distrinct lipid composition features at different growth stages, and all of the findings above provided new insights into D. melanogaster growth at lipid levels and would be beneficial to raise healthy D. melanogaster.